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| branch = Military engineering | serviceyears = | rank = General (Switzerland) General (France) | servicenumber = | unit = | commands = | battles = | battles_label = | awards = Légion d'Honneur | spouse = | relations = | laterwork = Professor of mathematics, cartographer, founding committee of the International Red Cross | signature = Signature general dufour.png | website = }} Guillaume-Henri Dufour (15 September 1787, Konstanz〔Peters, Tom F., ''"Transitions in Engineering: Guillaume Henri Dufour and the Early 19th Century Cable Suspension Bridges"'', Birkhauser, 1987, ISBN 3-7643-1929-1〕 – 14 July 1875, Geneva) was a Swiss army officer, bridge engineer and topographer. He served under Napoleon I and held the office of General to lead the Swiss forces to victory against the Sonderbund. He presided over the First Geneva Convention which established the International Red Cross. He was founder and president of the Swiss Federal Office of Topography from 1838 to 1865. The Dufourspitze (the highest mountain in Switzerland) in the Monte Rosa Massif is named after him. ==Career== Dufour was born in Konstanz, where his parents were temporarily exiled from Geneva. His father Bénédict was a Genevan watchmaker and farmer, who sent his son to school in Geneva, where he studied drawing and medicine. In 1807, Dufour travelled to Paris to join the École Polytechnique, then a military academy. He studied descriptive geometry under Jean Nicolas Pierre Hachette, and graduated fifth in his class in 1809, going on to study military engineering at the École d'Application. In 1810, he was sent to help defend Corfu against the British, and spent his time mapping the island's old fortifications.〔 By 1814, he had returned to France, and was awarded the Croix de la Légion d'Honneur for his work repairing fortifications at Lyons. In 1817, he returned to Geneva to become commander of the Canton of Geneva's military engineers, as well as a professor of mathematics at the University of Geneva. His duties included preparing a map of the Canton.〔 Dufour remained a General in the army. Among the officers serving under him was Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, nephew of the former Emperor. In 1847 the Catholic cantons of Switzerland attempted to form a separate alliance of their own, known as the Sonderbund, effectively splitting from the rest of the country. Dufour led the federal army of 100,000 and defeated the Sonderbund under Johann-Ulrich von Salis-Soglio in a campaign that lasted only from November 3 to November 29, and claimed fewer than a hundred victims. He ordered his troops to spare the injured. In 1850 the mountaineer and topographer Johann Coaz served as his private secretary.〔(Reynolds, Kev, ''The Swiss Alps '', Cicerone, 2012, p. 278. )〕 In 1863 he was part of a committee which, under Henry Dunant led to the foundation of the International Red Cross. On 16 July 1875, 60,000 persons participated at Dufour's burial at Cimetière de Plainpalais in Geneva. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Guillaume-Henri Dufour」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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